Exploring Extended Techniques and Experimental Sounds on Santoor

Abstract

This study investigates the application of extended techniques on the Iranian santoor, a traditional instrument central to Persian classical music, with the aim of expanding its sonic possibilities and role in contemporary and experimental music. Bridging conventional and innovative practices, the research explores how the santoor can evolve through the integration of extended techniques. Drawing from the theoretical insights of Nathan Riki Thomson, Sergio Castrillón, and other pioneering musicians and scholars in experimental music, such as John Cage, as well as practice-based research frameworks, this study situates the santoor within a broader context of experimental music. By incorporating influences from Iranian musical traditions and global experimental practices, this research underscores the transformative potential of extended techniques for reimagining the santoor in new and innovative ways.

Methodologically, this practice-based research combines qualitative data collection with experiential inquiry. Fieldwork conducted in Iran involved collaboration with santoor students at varying skill levels, observing their responses to techniques such as plucking, bowing, muting, and soundboard striking. Additionally, collaborative improvisational sessions with other musicians allowed for real-time exploration and documentation of how the santoor interacts with other instruments and electronic elements.

The findings reveal that while extended techniques on the santoor challenge established norms and create new auditory experiences, they also encounter resistance from traditional audiences. However, for audiences open to experimental music, these techniques provide a fresh perspective on the santoor’s expressive capabilities. The study concludes that the integration of extended techniques enhances the santoor’s relevance in global experimental practices, contributing to a more dynamic, intercultural repertoire. This work not only enriches the repertoire of the santoor but also invites future musicians to explore innovative ways of engaging with traditional instruments.